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Detailed information for Finland prepared in 2009

Heavy Metals
Emission data
Transboundary depositions
Comparison of the modelling results with measurements

Persistent Organic Pollutants
Emission data
Mean annual concentrations in main environmental compartments
Depositions and transboundary fluxes of PCDD/Fs and B[a]P
Comparison of the modelling results with measurements

Acidifying and eutrophying pollutants

Heavy Metals

Emission data

National emission totals on lead, cadmium and mercury for 2007 were used in calculations.

The total anthropogenic emissions of HMs and their spatial distributions with resolution 50x50 km are given below:

Heavy metals	Total emissions, t/y	Maps
Lead	21.0	map
Cadmium	1.1	map
Mercury	0.8	map

Depositions and transboundary fluxes

On the basis of emission and meteorological data for 2007 transboundary depositions were calculated. Maps of lead, cadmium and mercury deposition fluxes from national sources (Maps of deposition fluxes from), maps of contribution of external antropogenic sources to deposition to the country (Maps of contributions) and maps of total deposition fluxes to the country (Maps of deposition fluxes to) are presented in the table. Besides pie charts illustrating the deposition budget for principal regions-receptors (Depositions from) and contributions of main sources to deposition to the country (Depositions to) are given.

Heavy metals	Maps of deposition fluxes from	Maps of deposition fluxes to	Maps of contribution	Depositions from	Depositions to
Lead	map	map	map	pie chart	pie chart
Cadmium	map	map	map	pie chart	pie chart
Mercury	map	map	map	pie chart	pie chart

Comparison of the modelling results with measurements

In order to verify the obtained concentrations in air and precipitation, the modelling results were compared with measurement data. Measurement data were collected at monitoring sites of EMEP network and prepared by Chemical Coordinating Centre of EMEP (CCC). The comparison data are presented below. Along with the mean annual values the links to diagrams with the comparison of measured and calculated monthly mean concentrations of heavy metals are also presented.

Annual and monthly mean concentrations of heavy metals in air

Station	Lead, ng/m³			Cadmium, ng/m³			Mercury, ng/m³
Station	Meas.	Calc.	Monthly	Meas.	Calc.	Monthly	Meas.	Calc.	Monthly
FI17	3.51	2.49	chart	0.10	0.07	chart
FI36	0.68	0.14	chart	0.03	0.01	chart
FI37	1.35	0.32	chart	0.06	0.01	chart
FI96							1.41	1.38	chart

Annual and monthly mean concentrations of heavy metals in precipitation

Station	Lead, �g/L			Cadmium, �g/L			Mercury, ng/L
Station	Meas.	Calc.	Monthly	Meas.	Calc.	Monthly	Meas.	Calc.	Monthly
FI8	0.28	0.11	chart	0.03	0.01	chart
FI17	1.76	0.75	chart	0.06	0.03	chart
FI22	0.44	0.17	chart	0.03	0.01	chart
FI36	0.30	0.11	chart	0.02	0.00	chart
FI53	0.66	0.34	chart	0.03	0.01	chart
FI92	0.83	0.31	chart	0.03	0.01	chart
FI93	0.80	0.42	chart	0.04	0.01	chart
FI96							5.80	5.60	chart

Persistent Organic Pollutants

Emission data

National emission totals on PCDD/Fs and B[a]P, B[b]F, B[k]F, I_P (recalculated from emission value of 4 indicator PAHs), HCB for 2007 were used in calculations. PCB emission for 2007 based on expert estimates [Breivik et al., 2007].

POPs	Total emissions, t/y (for PCDD/Fs - g TEQ/y)	Maps
PCDD/Fs	12.0	map
B[a]P	4.0	map
B[b]F	4.8	map
B[k]F	1.6	map
IP	2.8	map
HCB	4.4�10^-2	map
PCB-153	10.0�10^-3

Mean annual concentrations in main environmental compartments

Calculated concentrations in various media including atmosphere (means over the country, minimum and maximum values in the country) as well as links to the corresponding maps of spatial distributions are presented in the table.

POPs	Mean	Min	Max	Maps
Air concentrations, ng/m³ (for PCDD/Fs - fg TEQ/m³)
PCDD/Fs	0.28	8.10�10^-2	0.82	map
B[a]P	7.75�10^-2	7.82�10^-3	0.43	map
B[b]F	0.11	3.25�10^-2	0.35	map
B[k]F	3.66�10^-2	1.13�10^-2	0.12	map
IP	6.86�10^-2	2.12�10^-2	0.21	map
HCB	1.30�10^-2	1.13�10^-2	2.83�10^-2	map
PCB-153	4.32�10^-4	1.23�10^-4	1.71�10^-3	map
g-HCH	5.03�10^-3	3.24�10^-3	1.01�10^-2	map
Soil concentrations, ng/g (for PCDD/Fs - pg TEQ/g)
PCDD/Fs	0.11	2.00�10^-2	0.18	map
B[a]P	6.06�10^-2	4.08�10^-3	0.34	map
B[b]F	0.25	5.03�10^-2	0.61	map
B[k]F	9.08�10^-2	1.81�10^-2	0.22	map
IP	0.11	2.24�10^-2	0.35	map
HCB	2.15�10^-2	6.95�10^-4	4.87�10^-2	map
PCB-153	3.06�10^-2	7.46�10^-3	4.85�10^-2	map
g-HCH	3.00�10^-3	1.13�10^-3	3.73�10^-3	map
Vegetation concentrations, ng/g (for PCDD/Fs - pg TEQ/g)
PCDD/Fs	2.42	0.42	7.87	map
B[a]P	33.58	2.57	213.86	map
B[b]F	112.00	16.80	658.00	map
B[k]F	41.20	6.17	221.00	map
IP	64.90	8.36	363.00	map
HCB	2.15	0.84	4.19	map
PCB-153	1.40	0.24	4.20	map
g-HCH	1.12	0.39	2.11	map

Depositions and transboundary fluxes of PCDD/Fs and B[a]P

On the basis of emission and meteorological data for 2007 transboundary depositions of B[a]P and PCDD/Fs were calculated. Links to the maps of deposition fluxes from national sources (Deposition from the country), contributions of external antropogenic sources to deposition to the country (Contribution to depositions) and total depositions to the country (Depositions to the country) are presented in the table. Besides pie charts illustrate the deposition budget for principal regions-receptors (Depositions from the country) and contributions of main sources to deposition (Depositions to the country) to the country.

POPs	Depositions from the country	Depositions to the country	Contribution to depositions
PCDD/Fs	map / pie chart	map / pie chart	map
B[a]P	map / pie chart	map / pie chart	map

Comparison of the modelling results with measurements

This section presents the comparison of modelling results with measurements in 2007 carried out at the EMEP measurement sites.

FI96

Concentration in air, B[a]P (ng/m³); PCB-153, y-HCH, HCB (pg/m³)

Pollutant	Measured	Calculated
B[a]P	0.016	0.023
PCB-153	0.303	0.162
y-HCH	1.82	3.84

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Meteorological Synthesizing Centre - East, 2009